Otto dommer



' Jinljie, 1929.

o. DOMMER I 1,720,782

APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE CALORIFIC VALUES OF GASES Filed Sept. 25, 192A Jnveretor:

l atented July 16, 19 29 UNIT T Ft,

OTTO DOMMER, OF KARLSRUI-IE, BADEN, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE GALORIFIC VALUE OF GASES.

Application filed September 25, 1924, Serial No. 739,945, and in the Netherlands October 1, 1923.

This invention relates to an apparatus for determining the calorific value of gases and consists substantially in this that for each measurement a constant volume of gas is burnt. in a device having a constant water equivalent in periodic stages and the quantity of heat liberated each time measured and that all the separate operations required for this purpose are automatically interdependent.

. The advance in the art provided by the illvention resides in the simpllcity of the apparatus, the low initial and running costs and the high degree of accuracy.

The accompanying drawing shows an apparatus for carrying the method into effect.

The hollow body A supplies the power, and to it are connected the measuring burette B and the inflow and siphon arrangement C.

In the present arrangement the apparatus is operated by means of aliquid, for instance water, which is admitted at D. The testing gas flows in at E and burns at atmospheric pressure on a branch pipe F. In front of a cock on a branch of the pipe F a capillary tube is branched off to the change-Over apparatus G and terminates in a small continuous ly burning ignition flame.

The determination of the calorific value is carried out as follows As soon as thewater flowing at D into the vessel A has reached the bottom of tube J,

the air in the vessel A is shut ofl from the atmosphere. The water subsequently flowing into the vessel A compresses the air in the said vessel, which forces the greater part of the V giiibsequent supply of water up the tubes B,

As soon as the water has reached the lower end of, the tube F the gas in the burette B can no longer escape into the atmosphere through qthe tube F and is forced to escape through the system of tubes K, L, M, where it is ignited by the flame N. Simultaneously with this measuring operation the pressure in the vessel A, transmitted through the tube 0,

causes a constantly increasing displacement of the mercury in the tube P of the changeover device G.

The change-over device is rotatably mounted and is so adjustedas to tilt at the moment in which t-he water reaches the level G in the measuring burette B. By this tilting motion the flame of the tube M is brought under the calorimeter R and burns in this position until all the gas has been forced out of the measuring burette B. The amount of heat liberted is transmitted to the calorimeter B. The air enclosed in the tube S expands in accordance with the rise in temperature, displacing the liquid in the rotatable registering pressure gauge T, which rotates in accordance with the displacement of the liquid.

As soon as the water in the siphon C has In order that air shall not be sucked into the measuring burette B through the system of tubes M, L, K during the siphoning operation, this system of tubes is automatically closed by the forked part at L during the filling of the burette B. This forked part is provided with an opening below, so that, during the siphoning operation, the accumulation in the beaker U causes water to enter the two limbs, thus closing the tube L. This accumulation of water only lasts as long as the water flows out of the siphon and conse-- quently only until the burette B has been filled. The levels in the beaker U and the calorimeter R will then be equal again and the tube L M leading to the burner will be ree.

The calorific value is obtained from the formula Water equivalent of the calorimeter, difference of temperature before and after combustion Quantity of gas.

As inthe apparatus described the quantity of gas and the water equivalent are constant,

the diflerence of temperature before and after heating is proportional to the calorific value. This difference of temperature is determined by means of a single pyrometer in the following manner The hollow cylinder S (air pyrometer) is connected on the one hand by the capillary tube V to the registering'pressure gauge T and on the other hand by the extension of the tube V to the atmosphere at W. The opening VV' extends into an enlarged tube X, one

end of which is immersed below the vwater level in the vessel A. The tube V is open at W until the water has reached the height of the mark Q. It is closed at the moment, at which the flame is swung under the calorimeter, and is kept closed until the registering is complete and the water is siphoned off. By the periodic opening of WV the pyrometer is always set to zero until the commencement of the next measurement.

The efiect of the periodic sequence of analysis-would be that the registering device T would make a stroke for each analysis, the length of Which would correspond in each caseto the heat produced is the calorimeter R.

i All these strokes would, however, tend to make the chart illegible and would cause a great Waste of ink. In order to prevent this and'to produce the semblance of a continuous line, a float Z is provided in the vessel Y and a registering device co-operating with it. The'pen on the lever arm of the registering pressure gauge is so balanced that it does not touch the diagram. The float Z will be lifted I by therising water only atthe moment immediately'before the wateris siphoned oti' and will thereby swing the weighted lever 10 on which said float Z is mounted in suspended condition The motion of the lever 10 is ,the'pressure gauge can return into its initial position. v

.'This device of course applicable to all apparatus, which periodically control volumes of gas automatically as in the manner described above.

I claim: 1. Calorimetric measuring apparatus, comprising 111 combination a calorimeter, gas

measuringmeans, pressure producing means operatively connected therewith, and periodically operated gas admitting means on said measuring means, gas burning means communicating with said measuring means, and means operated by said pressure producing means adapted to move said burning means 'in' and out of cooperation with said calorimeter.

2. Calor1metr1c measuring apparatus, comprising in combination, a calorimeter, gas

measuring means, pressure producing means, operatively connected therewith, and periodically operated, gas admitting means on said measuring means, gas burning means communicating with said measuring means,

means operated by said pressure producing meansadapted to move said burning means in and out of cooperation with saidcalorimeter,

pyrometric recording means in operative connection with the calorlmeter, and periodlcally operating controlling means on said recording means.

' 3.Calor1metr1c measuring apparatus, comprising in combination, a calorimeter, gas measuring means pressure regulating means,

a pressure tank communicating with said.

means, movable controlling means operably connected to said pressure container and to the gas burning means, and adapted to move said burning means in and out of cooperation with the calorimeter. 4:. Calorimetric measuring apparatus, comprising in combination, a calorimeter, gas n'leasuring means, gas admitting and controlling means on said measuring means, a liquid containing pressure tank, communicat ing with said measuring means, liquid admitting means on the tank, and siphoning means on said tank, gas burning means communicating with the gas measuring means, displaceable pressure controlled means communicating with the pressure tank, operatively connected to the gas burning means and adapted to move the gas burning means in and out of cooperationwith the calorimeter V 5. Calorimetric measuring apparatus, comprising in combination, a calorimeter, gas measuring means, a siphon, a liquid containing pressure tank communicating with said measuring means and said siphon,and liquid admitting means communicating with the siphon and the tank, gas admitting means on said gas measuring means, gasburning means communicating with said measuring'means,

a pressure operated movable controller on said gas burning means and-operatively connected to said tank, and-adapted to move the gas burning means in'and out of cooperation with said calorimeter. I

[6. Calorimetric measuring apparatus, com prising 1n combination, a calorimeter, gas

measuring means, gas admitting and control-' ling means on said measuring means,'a' liquid containmg pressure tank communicat ng with said measuring means, a siphon onsaid tank,

and liquid admitting means communicating with the siphon and the tank, gas burning means communicating with i said measuring means, a pressure operated movable controller on sald gas burning means communlcating 7. Calorimetric measuring apparatus, comprising 1n com-blnation, a calorimeter gas measuring means, a liquid containing pres sure tank communicating Wltll'SiLld measuring means, a siphon; ons aid tank,-liquidadmitj ting means communicating with the siphon and the tank, gas admitting and controlling 7 means on said measuring means, gas" burning weaves 3- e ns c nnec d. t hese su ing me n a pressure controlled movable controller conn ed t he s iburn mean a liqui se connect'cd to the controller and the gas burning means, and'adapted for cooperation, with the siphon, the controller being adapted to move the gas b'urning meansin and out of cooperation withsaid calorimeter recording means, operativelyconnected to the calorimeter, and periodically operated [actuating means for saidv recording means in connection with the pressure tank. 7 i v 8. Calorimetric masuring apparatus, comprising in combinat-ion, a calorimeter, gas measuring means, a liquid containing pressure tank communicating therewith, a siphon on said tank, liquid admitting means communicating with the siphon and the tank, gas admitting and Controlling means on said measuring means, a gas conduit connected to the measuring means, a pressure controlled movable controller on said conduit and communicating with the pressure tank, a liquid seal on the conduit intermediate the controller and the measuring means and adapted for cooperation with said siphon, the controller being adapted to move the gas conduit in and out of cooperation with said calorimeter, and gas igniting means connected to the gas admitting means and cooperating with the gas conduit.

i 9. Oalorimetric measuring apparatus, comprising in combination, a calorimeter, gas measuring means, a liquid pressure tank communicating therewith, a siphon on said tank, liquid admitting means communicating with the siphon and the tank, gas admitting means on said measuring means, and open ended gas conduit connected to the measuring means, a pressure controlled movable controller on said conduit communicating with the pressure tank, a liquid seal on the conduit intermediate the controller and the gas measuring means cooperating with the siphon-igniting means for said gas conduit, the controller being 7 adapted to move said gas conduit in and out of cooperation with the calorimeter, recording means connected with the calorimeter and in operative connection with the liquid tank, and adapted to be periodically operated thereby.

10. Calorimetric measuring apparatus, comprising in combination, a calorimeter, gas measuring means, a liquid pressure tank communicating therewith, feeding means for said tank, a siphon on said tank, an open ended gas conduit on the measuring means, a movable controller on the conduit, adapted to move said conduit in and out of cooperation with the calorimeter, igniting means for the gas conduit, a liquid seal on said conduit communicating with the calorimeter and adapted for cooperation with the tank and periodically operated thereby, and recording means on said calorimeter.

ll. Calorimetric measuring 7 apparatus, comprising in combination, a calorimeter, gas measuring means, a liquid pressure tank communicating therewith, feeding means for said tank, a siphon on said tank, an open ended gas conduit leading off from the measuring means, a movable. controller on the conduit adapted for moving the gas conduit in and .out of cooperation with the calorimeter, igniting means for the gas conduit, automatic periodically operating 7 filling means for the-calorimeter, a movable pressure gauge, pyrometric operating means betweenthe-calorimeter and the gauge, an open ended liquid sealed conduit on said gauge in communication with the tank.

12. Calorimetric measuring apparatus, comprising in combination, a calorimeter, gas measuring means, a liquid containing pressure tank communicating therewith, an open ended gas conduit on the measuring means, means operated by the pressure in said liquid containing tank adapted to move said conduit in and out of cooperation with the calorimeter, recording means operatively connected to said calorimeter, a float, operably associated, with said tank, and connected to said recording means, and adjusting means for said float adapted to cause the operation of the float and of the recording means directly previous to the operation of the siphon, and feeding means for the pressure tank.

13. In a calorimetric measuring apparatus in combination, a gas measuring burette, gas admitting means on said burette, a pressure tank communicating therewith, gas burning means communicating with the burette, liquid feeding means for the calorimeter recording means connected to the calorimeter, means on said tank for periodically charging the burette and for periodically charging and operating the calorimeter, and a movable gas conduit cooperating with the calorimeter, said gas conduit being controlled by said last-mentioned means.

14. In a calorimetric measuring apparatus in combination, a gas measuring container, gas admitting means on said container, a pressure vessel communicating therewith, a siphon on the pressure vessel, a movable gas conduit adapted for cooperation with the calorimeter and communicating with the measuring container, feeding means for the siphon, and recording means connected to the calorimeter and in operative connection with the siphon, and charging means for the calorimeter operatively associated with the siphon.

15. In a calorimetric measuring apparatus in combination a liquid containing pressure vessel, siphoning means immersed therein, a gas measuring container immersed with its lower end in said vessel, a calorimeter, movable communicating means betweenthe calorimeter and the measuring container, and means to cause the operation of the movable means by the operation of the siphon.

16. In a calorimetric measuring apparatus in combination, a liquid pressure vessel, periodically operating pressure controlling means. on said vessel, a gas measuring container communicating with said vessel; a calorimeter, a movable open ended gas conduit connected to said measuring container and means connected with said pressure ves-f sel adapted to move said' gas conduit periodically in and out of cooperation with said calorimeter, and periodically operated filling means for the calorimeter connected to. said pressurevessel. V i i 17 Ina calorimetric measuring apparatus in combination, 'a gas 7 burette, a vpressure vessel communicating therewith, means connected with said vessel to periodically intro duceua gas charge into theburette, a calo- 1 rimeter with constant Water equivalent, a

movable gas conduit connected to said burette, adapted for cooperationwith said calorimeterfand means communicating with the pressure vessel, adapted to keep a constant water supply in said, calorimeter.

- OTTO DOMMER. 

